Final answer:
Genes are organized linearly on chromosomes and their arrangement determines how they are inherited. Genes that are close together on the same chromosome are likely to be inherited together, but crossing over during meiosis can separate them. Genes located on nonhomologous chromosomes can be recombined in various ways due to independent assortment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genes are organized linearly on chromosomes like beads on a string. The arrangement of genes on a pair of chromosomes determines how they are inherited. If the genes are located close together on the same chromosome, they are likely to be inherited together. However, crossing over during meiosis can separate the genes and cause them to be inherited independently of each other. On the other hand, if the genes are located on nonhomologous chromosomes, they may be recombined in various ways because of independent assortment.