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An essay by ____ provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that rehabilitation efforts did nothing to lower recidivism rates.

User Pseudoremy
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Answer:

​Robert Martinson

Step-by-step explanation:

After writing about his experiences in prisons, where he carried on research, American sociologist Robert Martinson claimed that rehabilitation programs did not work for convicted criminals who reoffended repeatedly. As a result, even though he later changed his mind, his findings were disputed at the time and caused the cancellation of several rehabilitation programs in the US.

User Frawel
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