Final answer:
The antenna proteins in photosynthesis are responsible for capturing light energy and transferring it to the reaction center. This process initiates the light-dependent reactions that are a precursor to ATP and NADPH production, essential for the Calvin cycle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The function of the antenna proteins in photosynthesis is to capture light energy from the sun and transfer it to the reaction center within each photosystem. These antenna proteins are part of the light-harvesting complex, which contains around 300-400 chlorophyll a and b molecules and other pigments, such as carotenoids, that aid in light absorption. When photons strike the chlorophyll molecules bound to these proteins, they become excited, initiating a transfer of energy through various chlorophyll molecules until it reaches the reaction center. This process contributes to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, setting the stage for the production of energy-carrying molecules like ATP and NADPH, which are essential for the subsequent light-independent reactions.