Answer:
1) 1.964 moles of O2
2) 0.670 moles of H2SO4
3) 2284.8 liters of oxygen
4) 24.3 grams of S
5) 1864.6 L of hydrogen gas
6) 19.54 grams of HCl
7) 45.0 L of CO2 produced
8) 36.0 L of NO
9) 30L of CO2
Step-by-step explanation:
1. If 22 L of methane (CH4) gas burns (combustion), how many moles of oxygen will be needed for complete combustion?
Step 1: The balanced equation:
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
Step 2: Calculate moles of CH4
Since 22.4 L = 1.0 mol
22.4L = 0.982 moles of CH4
Step 3: Calculate moles of O2 needed
For 1 mol CH4 we need 2 moles of O2 to produce 1 mol of CO2 and 2 moles of H2O
For 0.982 moles of CH4 we need 2*0.982 = 1.964 moles of O2
2. Acid rain is produced when sulfur trioxide reacts with water in a composition reaction. If 15 L of sulfur trioxide is present in the air how many moles of sulfuric acid are produced?
Step 1: The balanced equation
SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq)
Step 2: Calculate moles of SO3
22.4 L = 1 mol
15.0 L = 0.670 moles
Step 3: Calculate moles of H2SO4
For 1 mol of SO3 we need 1 mol of H2O to produce 1 mol of H2SO4
For 0.670 moles of SO3 we will produce 0.670 moles of H2SO4
3. If calcium chlorate is heated it decomposes into calcium chloride and oxygen gas.
How many liters of oxygen can be produced form heating 34 moles of calcium carbonate?
Step 1: The balanced equation
Ca(ClO3)2 → CaCl2 + 3O2
Step 2: Calculate moles of O2
For 1 mol of Ca(ClO3)2 consumed, we produce 1 mol of CaCl2 and 3 moles of O2
For 34 moles of Ca(ClO3)2 consumed, we'll have 3*34 = 102 moles of O2
Step 3: Calculate volume of oxygen
1 mol = 22.4 L
102 moles = 22.4 * 102 = 2284.8 liters of oxygen
4. Sulfur and oxygen combine to form sulfur dioxide in a composition reaction. How many grams of sulfur are required to react with 17 L of oxygen?
Step 1: The balanced equation
S + O2 → SO2
Step 2: Calculate number of moles of O2
22.4 L = 1 mol
17.0 L = 0.759 moles of O2
Step 3: Calculate moles of S
For 1 mol of S we need 1 mol of O2 to produce 1 mol of SO2
For 0.759 moles of O2 we need 0.759 moles of S
Step 4: Calculate mass of S
Mass of S = moles S * molar mass S
Mass of S = 0.759 moles * 32.065 g/mol = 24.3 grams of S
5. By running a direct current through water, it can be decomposed it into its elements. How many liters of hydrogen gas can be produced from 1500 g of water?
Step 1: The balanced equation
2H2O → 2H2 + O2
Step 2: Calculate number of moles of water
Moles H2O = mass H2O / molar mass H2O
Moles H2O = 1500 grams / 18.02 g/mol = 83.24 moles
Step 3: Calculate moles of H2
For 2 moles of H2O we'll have 2 moles of H2 and 1 mol of O2
For 83.24 moles of H2O we'll have 83.24 moles of H2
Step 4: Calculate volume of H2
1 mol = 22.4 L
83.24 moles = 22.4 * 83.24 = 1864.6 L of hydrogen gas
6. Hydrogen and chlorine can be combined to form hydrochloric acid. If you reacted 6 liters of hydrogen with chlorine how many grams of acid will be produced?
Step 1: The balanced equation
H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
Step 2: Calculate moles of H2
22.4 L = 1 mol
6.0 L = 0.268 moles of H2 (Suppose H2 is the limiting reactant)
Step 3: Calculate moles of HCl
For 1 mol of H2 we need 1 mol of Cl2 to produce 2 moles of HCl
For 0.268 moles of H2 we'll have 2*0.268 = 0.536 moles of HCl
Step 4: Calculate mass of HCl
Mass HCl = moles HCl * molar mass HCl
Mass HCl = 0.536 * 36.46 g/mol
Mass HCl = 19.54 grams of HCl
7. . When glucose (C6H12O6) undergoes combustion with oxygen it produces water and carbon dioxide. How many liters of carbon dioxide will be produced if glucose reacts with 45 liters of oxygen?
Step 1: The balanced equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Step 2: Calculate moles of oxygen
22.4 L = 1 mol
45.0 L = 2.01 moles O2
Step 3: Calculate moles of CO2
For 1 mol of glucose we need 6 moles of O2 to prodcue 6 moles of CO2 and 6 moles of H2O
For 2.01 moles of O2 consumed we'll have 2.01 moles of CO2 produced
Step 4: Calculate liters of CO2 produced
1 mol = 22.4 L
2.01 moles = 45.0 L of CO2 produced
8. How many liters of nitrogen monoxide can be made using 18 liters of oxygen in the following composition reaction?
Step 1: The balanced equation:
N2 + O2 → 2NO
Step 2: Calculate number of moles of O2
22.4 L = 1.0 mol
18.0 L = 0.804 moles O2
Step 3: Calculate moles of NO
For 1 mol of N2 we need 1 mol of O2 to produce 2 moles of NO
For 0.804 moles of O2 we need 2*0.804 = 1.608 moles of NO
Step 4: Calculate volume of NO
1 mol = 22.4 L
1.608 moles = 22.4 * 1.608 = 36.0 L of NO
9. How many liters of carbon dioxide are produced when 10 liters of propane (C3H8) undergoes complete combustion? (assume STP)
Step 1: The balanced equation
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
Step 2: Calculate moles of propane
22.4 L = 1.0 mol
10.0 L = 0.446 moles of propane
Step 3: Calculate moles of CO2
1 mol of propane consumed needs 5 moles of O2 to produce 3 moles of CO2 and 4 moles of H2O
For 0.446 moles of propane we'll have 3*0.446 = 1.338 moles of CO2
Step 4: Calculate volume of CO2
1 mol = 22.4 L
1.338 moles = 22.4 *1.338 = 30L of CO2