Answer:
4) biological preparedness
Step-by-step explanation:
Biological preparedness is a phenomenon that humans and animals have developed over time as a survival mechanism. It explains the tendency of humans and animals to form associations between dangers and some stimuli. In this case, humans tend to associate snakes with danger than flowers to danger. This tendency of humans to associate snakes with danger has made humans, according to evolutionary perspective, to fear and avoid snakes. And so, became a trait for adaptation for humans’ survival.