Final answer:
The process of comparing an individual's IQ score to those of similarly aged peers is known as norm-referenced scoring, with the average score standardized at 100. Scores within one standard deviation (85 to 115) are considered average, and scores of 130 or higher indicate superior intelligence. The WISC-V test is an example that provides a Full Scale IQ score and assesses multiple cognitive abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding IQ Test Scoring
The process of comparing an individual's overall IQ score to the scores of others in the same chronological age group is known as norm-referenced scoring. In the context of IQ tests, this involves comparing one's IQ score against the standardized distribution of IQ scores, typically represented by a bell curve, with the average IQ score set at 100. A score of 115 would be described as "one standard deviation above the mean," while a score of 70 would be considered "two standard deviations below the mean." The central range of IQ scores between 85 and 115 is classified as average, encompassing 68% of the population. An IQ score of 130 or higher indicates superior intelligence and is often a criterion for identifying individuals as gifted.
IQ tests, such as the WISC-V, assess various cognitive abilities and provide a Full Scale IQ score. Standardization ensures that the test scores are consistent and reliable across the population. Intellectual disability is diagnosed when a person obtains an IQ score roughly two standard deviations below the mean and has significant adaptive functioning deficits established before the age of 18.