Explanation:
the question tells us already what ratio to build : "# of medium sized items / total # of items".
now look at the table. in such a case (different to the one with the soccer vs. basketball preferences) all the specific ratios should be equal. this is like a mixing ratio for a certain substance out of a certain list of ingredients. it does not matter how much you produce, but the mix ratio should always be the same.
10 / 40 = 1/4
15 / 60 = 1/4
20 / 80 = 1/4
perfect.
so, the constant ratio is 1:4
it means one out of 4 ordered items has to be medium sized.
what percentage is 1/4 ?
make the division :
1 : 4 = 0.25
10
20
what is 0.25 ?
it is 0.25 when related to 1 indicating the whole.
and when 100(%) indicates the whole ?
then it is 100 times its value = 0.25×100 = 25%
1/4 corresponds to 25%.