Answer:
The European Union is a unique political and economic partnership that currently consists
of 27 member states
1 Built through a series of binding treaties,
the EU is the latest stage in a process of integration begun after World War II to promote peace
and economic recovery in Europe. Its founders hoped that by creating specified areas in which
member states agreed to share sovereignty—initially in coal and steel production, trade, and
nuclear energy—it would promote interdependence and make another war in Europe unthinkable.
Since the 1950s, this European integration project has expanded to encompass other economic
sectors; a customs union; a single market in which capital, goods, services, and people move
freely (known as the “four freedoms”); a common trade policy; a common agricultural policy;
many aspects of social and environmental policy; and a common currency (the euro) that is used
by 19 member states. Since the mid-1990s, EU members have also taken steps toward political
integration, with decisions to develop a Common Foreign and Security Policy and efforts
to promote cooperation in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). Twenty-two EU members
participate in the Schengen area of free movement, which allows individuals to travel without
passport checks among most European countries.
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