Final answer:
The molecule of calcium chloride has a formula of CaCl₂. The ratio of calcium to chloride ions is 1:2, resulting in equivalent ratios of 1:2, 2:4, 3:6, 4:8, and 5:10 for 1 to 5 molecules respectively. Calcium chloride is commonly used in food production, as a drying agent, and for ice melting.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formula of calcium chloride is CaCl₂. This gives us a ratio of calcium to chloride ions of 1:2 for each molecule of calcium chloride. To complete the table of equivalent ratios for the number of calcium atoms to chloride atoms in 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 molecules of calcium chloride, we need to multiply the number of molecules by the ratio. We have:
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- For 1 molecule: 1 Ca : 2 Cl
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- For 2 molecules: 2 Ca : 4 Cl
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- For 3 molecules: 3 Ca : 6 Cl
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- For 4 molecules: 4 Ca : 8 Cl
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- For 5 molecules: 5 Ca : 10 Cl
Calcium chloride is used in various applications, including the production of cheese, as a drying agent, and as a road deicer. Its unique chemical properties and the exothermic reaction in forming a Ca²+ ion make it more stable, hence forming CaCl₂ over CaCl.
As you mentioned that calcium donates two electrons, one to each chlorine atom, we get a divalent calcium ion (Ca²+) and two monovalent chloride ions (Cl⁻), leading to the formation of CaCl₂ when they combine.