In mathematical notation, ∑ means summation. So wherever you see the symbol, you have to sum over all elements in the set. Let's solve the question.
a. ∑m means, to sum all elements in the set m: ∑m = 12 + 15 + 20 + 30 = 77
b. ∑
means to sum all elements in the set f as the square of the elements f =

c. ∑mf means to sum all elements as the product of the elements of m and f = (12×5) + (15×9) + (20
10) + (30×16) = 875
d. ∑
means to sum all elements as the product of the square of m and f =
