Answer
For obvious reasons, and amog them the two most important where the increasing population, and the war for religious reasons.
They needed to have more land in order to feed the growing population. But this is not the whole story, the construction of the Maya empire also have historical political and religious connotations.
Mayan culture, like so many others cultures at that time, including the Greek, was characterized for being formed by several independent kingdoms. The social structure of the Maya was a mixture of politics and religion. The kings took their peoples to war in the name of the gods and the consequences for the losers where generally brutal. As the Aztecs did several centuries later, the Maya performed ritual human sacrifices to "pay" that blood debt that the people had incurred at the time of creation.
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