a. absolute value
b. f(x) = |x-5|
when you shift left or right, you subtract the amount you’re moving from x inside the absolute value
c. f(x) = |x|-5
when you shift up or down, you add/subtract the amount you’re moving outside of the absolute value
d. shifted 4 units up
you can always plug in values for x and solve for y to check what the graph looks like if you’re stuck.