Question

Give four method of acid preparation and give two reactions to support your answers

Answer 1

Can be prepared by reacting methanol with hydrogen iodine and adding carbon monoxide to the product ( methyl iodide) in order to obtain acetyl iodide. Upon hydrolysis , acetyl iodide yields acetic acid. Acetic acid and chlorine will react a Chloroacetic acid will be formed. CH3COOH+Cl2 gives rise to CICH2CO2H.
Second example : when acetic acid is heated with phosphorus pentachloride , acetyl chloride is obtained. In this reaction : COOH group is converted to COCI group. The side products are phosphorus oxychloride and HCI
Third example: Ethanol and acetic acid react to form ethyl acetate and water according to the equation: C2H5OH + CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O when 2 moles each of ethanol and acetic acid are allowed to react at 100 degrees Celsius in a sealed tube, equilibrium is established when 2/3 of a mole of each of the reactants remains.

Answer 2

(i) Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared by treating Sodium chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid. The HCl gas is passed through a drying agent to remove moisture where concentrated sulphuric acid plays the role of dehydrating agent as well.

(ii) NaCl+H2 SO4 →NaHSO 4 +HCl(g)

Hope it helps :)