Question

1. Name two biological processes that require cell division

2. Describe the relationship between the following terms: Chromosome, DNA and gene.
3. Why do you think it’s important that the DNA is copied before a cell divides?

Answer 1

Cell division in biology includes the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins and genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits. DNA is copied before cell division to ensure accurate transmission of genetic information.

Step-by-step explanation:

Cell Division in Biology:

Mitosis: This is the process of cell division where a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. It is essential for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

Meiosis: This process occurs in sexually reproducing organisms and results in the production of gametes (eggs and sperm). It is important for genetic diversity and the formation of offspring.

Relationship Between Chromosome, DNA, and Gene:

In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are structures made up of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information. DNA is the molecule that contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. A gene is a specific segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein or trait.

Importance of DNA Copying Before Cell Division:

Copying DNA before cell division ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. This is crucial for the accurate transmission of genetic information and the maintenance of genetic stability in organismal development and growth.

Answer 2

1.) Mitosis and Meiosis

• In mitosis, a somatic cell divides in order to create two identical daughter cells. In meiosis, a germline cell divides twice to create four gametes.

2.) A chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, each made up of tightly wound DNA. On these DNA strands are genes, which are specific sequences of nucleotides.

3.) It is important that the DNA is fully copied before the cell divides because cells always need DNA. If the DNA is not copied, one of the new daughters cells would not contain any DNA. Without DNA, the cell will no longer have the instructions necessary to perform its normal functioning.