Final answer:
Elementary school children are in the concrete operational stage of development, which occurs from approximately 7 to 11 years old. They develop the ability to think logically about real events and understand concepts like conservation. This stage is critical for building cognitive skills and self-confidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Elementary school children are typically in the concrete operational stage of development, according to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage occurs from about 7 to 11 years old. During this time, children can think logically about real events and understand concepts such as conservation - that the quantity of something remains the same despite changes in its form or appearance. For instance, they recognize that slicing a pizza into smaller parts doesn't mean there is more pizza. This ability contrasts with the preoperational stage, occurring roughly between the ages of 2 to 7, where such understanding is not yet developed.
In the concrete operational stage, children become adept at mathematical operations and problem-solving involving tangible, real-world situations. This is a key period for building a sense of competence and self-belief, thereby supporting their psychological and cognitive development. Parents and educators can enhance this growth by offering positive reinforcement, opportunities for skill-building, and an environment that encourages curiosity and discovery.