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What are the only type of living organism that possess a prokaryotic cell?

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Final answer:

Bacteria and Archaea are the only living organisms with prokaryotic cells, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and are also the Earth's first inhabitants.

Step-by-step explanation:

The only types of living organisms that possess a prokaryotic cell are members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. These organisms are characterized by the absence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles within their cellular structure. In contrast, all other forms of life, including animals, plants, and fungi, have cells that are classified as eukaryotic, which do contain a nucleus and organelles. Prokaryotes are incredibly diverse, existent in nearly every environment on Earth and are fundamental to many of Earth's essential processes, such as nutrient recycling. Furthermore, prokaryotes have a significant historical importance as they were the first inhabitants of Earth, dating back 3.5 to 4.5 billion years ago.

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