The best way to solve these types of problems is to get better at reading algebraic expressions that are transcribed in English and translating them to actual expressions/equations.
When I hear "Two times the difference of t and 11" I immediately think the subtraction comes first then the multiplication because of word "the" after "Two times".
Answer for the first question:
2 * (t - 11)
"The product of a number and negative two" in the second question instantly shows one piece of the solution:
x * -2
It continues with, "is twelve". The word "is" is synonymous with "equals"
Full solution:
x * -2 = 12