Explanation:
the rate of change (like the slope for a line) is expressed by y/x.
for x = -1 we get y = -3
for x = 3 we get y = 5
so, while x changes by 4 units (-1 to +3), y changes by 8 units (-3 to +5).
so, the average change rate in that interval is 8/4 = 2/1 = 2