Final answer:
Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell walls, and a large central vacuole which are not found in animal cells, while animal cells contain centrioles and lysosomes which plant cells do not have.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plant cells have certain organelles that animal cells do not have because they perform functions that are necessary for plant life but not for animal life. One major organelle found in plant cells but not in animal cells is the chloroplast. Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. Plants require these because they make their own food through photosynthesis, a process that animals do not engage in.
Another distinct structure in plant cells is the cell wall, which provides structural support to allow plants to grow upright and to protect the cells. Animal cells, having different structural needs, do not have cell walls. Lastly, plant cells typically contain a large central vacuole, which is used for storage and maintaining the cell's rigidity. This is different from animal cells, which may have small vacuoles but not one dominant central vacuole as seen in plant cells.
Conversely, animal cells have centrioles and lysosomes, which are not found in plant cells. Centrioles help in cell division and the formation of the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes during mitosis. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that help break down macromolecules, which is vital for animal cell function. These structures are not necessary in plant cells due to their different ways of cell division and metabolism.