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You have a 1 W light bulb in your lab. It puts out light of only 1 frequency. The wavelength of this light is 500nm. you set up a detector with a surface area of 1 square centimeter facing the light source at a distance of 100m.

Required:
a. Find the number of photons hitting the detector every second.
b. What is the maximum E field of the E M wave hitting the detector?
c. What is the maximum value of the B field of this E M wave?
d. How far away would you have to place the detector to only receive 1 photon per second from the light bulb?

User Cathe
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1 Answer

5 votes

Answer:

a) # _photon = 2.5 10¹⁸ photons / s, b) E = 10⁻² N / C, c) B = 3 10⁻¹¹ T

d) r= 2 10⁹ m

Step-by-step explanation:

a) Let's solve this exercise in part, let's start by finding the energy of each photon using the Planck relation

E₀ = h f

c = λ f

E₀ = h c /λ

E₀ = 6.63 10⁻³³⁴ 3 10⁸/500 10⁻⁹

E₀ = 3.978 10⁻⁻¹⁹ J

Let's use a direct ratio rule to find the number of photons

#_foton = E / Eo

#_fototn = 1 / 3.978 10⁻¹⁹

# _photon = 2.5 10¹⁸ photons / s

b) The intensity received by the detector is related to the electric field

I = E²

Let's look for the intensity that the detector receives, suppose that the emission is shapeless throughout the space

I = P / A

P = I A

Let's use index 1 for the point on the bulb and index 2 for the point on the detector.

The area of ​​a sphere is

A = 4π r²

P = I₁ A₁ = I₂ A₂

I₁ r₁² = I₂ r₂²

I₂ = I₁ r₁²/r₂²

I₂ = I₁ 1 / 100²

I₂ = I₁ 10⁻⁴

we must know the intensity at the output of the bulb suppose that I₁ = 1 J

I₂ = 10⁻⁴ J

let's look for the electric field

E =√I

E = √10⁻⁴

E = 10⁻² N / C

c) for the calculation of the magnetic field we use that the field is in phase

E / B = c

B = E / c

B = 10⁻² / 3 10⁸

B = 3 10⁻¹¹ T

d) Let's use a direct proportions rule if we fear 2.5 10¹⁸ photons in an area A = 4π R² where R = 100 m how many photons are there in the area of ​​the detector r = 1 cm, A’= 10⁻⁴ m²

#_photons = 2.5 10¹⁸ A_detector / A_sphere

#_photons = 2.5 1018 10-4 / 4π 10⁴

#_photons = 2 10⁹ photons in the detector area

for the number of photons to decrease to 1, the radius of the sphere must be 2 10⁹ m

User JohnAD
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