Answer:
neither she nor her supervisor has any demonstrable reason to access such information.
Step-by-step explanation:
When security measures are introduced in information system access in an organisation, an individual is limited to only a defined set of data.
Access to data outside one's normal job role requires a request for addition of such access.
In the given instance Northwestern Data Systems has adopted a new organizational approach that ensures employees have access to the only data they need.
Stacy, an administrative assistant requests a report regarding disciplinary action on a manager outside her department.
She will not be able to get it because she should normally not be able to discipline a manager.
So she can't access it because neither she nor her supervisor has any demonstrable reason to access such information.