Answer:
c. a natural disaster
Step-by-step explanation:
A limiting factor in an ecosystem can either be density dependent or density independent. A density independent limiting factor is that which does not rely on the density of a population to affect it's size.
A density independent factor affects the population size irrespective of how densely populated the population is. Examples of density independent limiting factors that can affect a population are natural disasters like fire outbreak, hurricane, earthquake etc.