Answer:
By reminding the reader of the presence of evil.
Step-by-step explanation:
The short story "The Mysterious Stranger" is part of the "Tales of a Traveller" written by Washington Irving. The short story is a gothic tale about a mysterious stranger.
In the given excerpt from the story, we can see gothic elements through the imaginary idea of someone behind. The narrator's statement that the stranger's act of glancing every now and then over his shoulder resulted in a painful reaction. This reminds the readers of the possible presence of evil in the scene.
Thus, the correct answer is the second option.