Step-by-step explanation:
The source code and a sample output have been attached to this response.
The code has been written in Java and it contains comments explaining important parts of the code.
A few things that are worth noting are in the for loop used in the code;
The loop goes from i = 4 to i = 0
When i = 4;
=> (int) Math.pow(10, i) = (int) Math.pow(10, 4) = 10000
Then the fiveDigit is divided by 10000. Since this is an integer division, the first digit of the 5-digit number will be stored in digit which is then printed to the console.
Next, the remainder is calculated and stored in fiveDigit
When i = 3;
=> (int) Math.pow(10, i) = (int) Math.pow(10, 3) = 1000
Then the fiveDigit (which is the remainder when i = 4) is divided by 1000. Since this is an integer division, the second digit of the 5-digit number will be stored in digit which is then printed to the console.
Next, the remainder is calculated and stored in fiveDigit
When i = 2;
(int) Math.pow(10, i) = (int) Math.pow(10, 2) = 100
Then the fiveDigit (which is the remainder when i = 3) is divided by 100. Since this is an integer division, the third digit of the 5-digit number will be stored in digit which is then printed to the console.
Next, the remainder is calculated and stored in fiveDigit
When i = 1;
(int) Math.pow(10, i) = (int) Math.pow(10, 1) = 10
Then the fiveDigit (which is the remainder when i = 2) is divided by 100. Since this is an integer division, the fourth digit of the 5-digit number will be stored in digit which is then printed to the console.
Next, the remainder is calculated and stored in fiveDigit
When i = 0;
(int) Math.pow(10, i) = (int) Math.pow(10, 0) = 1
Then the fiveDigit (which is the remainder when i = 1) is divided by 1000. Since this is an integer division, the fifth digit of the 5-digit number will be stored in digit which is then printed to the console.
Next, the remainder is calculated and stored in fiveDigit and then the program ends.