The causes of the French Revolution can be classified as follows:
Lack of representation of the third estate in the Estates-General: This cause can be categorized as political. The third estate, which represented the commoners and the majority of the French population, was not adequately represented in the Estates-General, which was the traditional assembly of the three estates of the French society (clergy, nobility, and commoners). This lack of political representation led to grievances and a sense of injustice among the third estate, contributing to the revolutionary sentiments.
The success of the American Revolution: This cause can be categorized as intellectual. The success of the American Revolution, with its ideals of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty, had a significant influence on the French intellectual and political discourse. The ideas of Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, which inspired the American Revolution, spread to France and played a crucial role in shaping the intellectual climate that eventually led to the French Revolution.
The French government's aid to the Americans during the American Revolution: This cause can be categorized as both political and economic. The French government's decision to support the American Revolution financially and militarily strained the French economy. The expenses incurred in supporting the American cause, along with existing economic problems, exacerbated financial difficulties and contributed to mounting public debt. The financial strain, in turn, fueled discontent among the French population and highlighted the mismanagement of the government's finances, thus having both political and economic implications in the lead-up to the revolution.
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