There are six major climatic controls. They are:
Latitude: As the earth is round, sunlight does not reach everywhere equally. The temperature decreases as we move from the equator to the poles.
Altitude: As we move from the surface of the earth to the higher altitudes, the temperature decreases.
Pressure and wind system: The pressure and wind system of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of that place. Thus, it influences the temperature accordingly.
Distance from the sea: Coastal regions are cooler as compared to interior regions. As the distance from the sea increases, its influence decreases and the people experience extreme weather conditions.
Ocean currents: Cold ocean currents flowing over a region will decrease the temperature of that area whereas warm currents will increase the temperature.
Relief features: Relief features are the barriers that block currents from entering the country. High mountains act as barriers for cold or hot winds.