Answers:
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Step-by-step explanation:
This is a 30-60-90 triangle. The short leg 5 is opposite the smallest angle 30 degrees.
The long leg is sqrt(3) times that of the short leg, which explains why x = 5*sqrt(3).
The hypotenuse is twice as long compared the short leg, so y = 2*5 = 10.
You could use trig ratios and the unit circle as another way to find x and y.