Answer: Formal and objective.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tone of the excerpt is formal and objective. A formal writing tone is a tone which is thorough, direct, and also emphasizes facts.
An objective tone is impartial and it is used when one gives a neutral, factual and unbiased information. In such tone, there's no feeling shown towards the topic. Since the excerpt is based on facts and unbiased, then it uses a formal and objective tone.