Final answer:
Alpha radiation consists of a helium nucleus, not a hydrogen nucleus, with two protons and two neutrons, and is falsely described in the question statement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that alpha radiation consists of hydrogen nuclei composed of one proton and no neutrons is false. An alpha particle is actually composed of two protons and two neutrons, which makes it equivalent to a helium nucleus, not a hydrogen nucleus. It has a 2+ charge. This type of radioactive decay results in the original atom's atomic number decreasing by two and its mass number decreasing by four, representing the loss of the two protons and the two neutrons. A common example of alpha decay is the transformation of uranium-238 into thorium-234.