Answer: E) cognitive perspective.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Cognitive perspective of human development seeks to explain the influence that the external environment has on people's behavior.
It is here that it is posited that people tend to engage in behaviors that got them more rewards as opposed to behavior that got them punished. Sometimes they would not even have to be directly affected but if they see for instance, that a person is rewarded for an action, they will try to emulate that action in ln order to get rewarded as well. The same is true for behavior that got others punished.