Final answer:
Karyotyping is a cytological technique used to identify chromosomal abnormalities by observing and analyzing chromosomes. It involves creating a chart called a karyogram to show the number and appearance of chromosomes. Karyotyping can reveal various genetic abnormalities, such as alterations in chromosome number, large DNA deletions or insertions, and translocations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Karyotyping is a cytological technique used by geneticists to identify chromosomal abnormalities. It involves the microscopic observation of chromosomes and the creation of a karyogram, which is a chart showing the number, appearance, and characteristics of the chromosomes. Karyotyping can reveal genetic abnormalities such as too many or too few chromosomes per cell, large deletions or insertions of DNA, and translocations where genetic material breaks and reattaches to another chromosome or part of the same chromosome.