Question

What did the greeks refer to as "Chaos"?

Answer 1

Chaos (Ancient Greek: χάος, romanized: kháos) refers to the void state preceding the creation of the universe or cosmos in the Greek creation myths, or to the initial "gap" created by the original separation of heaven and earth. Chaos, (Greek: “Abyss”) in early Greek cosmology, either the primeval emptiness of the universe before things came into being or the abyss of Tartarus, the underworld. Both concepts occur in the Theogony of Hesiod. This concept tied in with the other early notion that saw in Chaos the darkness of the underworld.

KHAOS (Chaos) was the first of the primordial gods (protogenoi) to emerge at the dawn of creation. She was followed in quick succession by Gaia (Gaea, Earth), Tartaros (the Pit Below) and Eros (Procreation). Khaos was the lower atmosphere which surrounds the earth--both the invisible air and the gloom of fog and mist.
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Answer 2

Chaos, (Greek: “Abyss”) in early Greek cosmology, either the primeval emptiness of the universe before things came into being or the abyss of Tartarus, the underworld. Both concepts occur in the Theogony of Hesiod. ... This concept tied in with the other early notion that saw in Chaos the darkness of the underworld.

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