Final answer:
Axum became a center of thought and learning for Christianity and Judaism. Christianity was firmly established by missionaries and the blending of local beliefs, while Judaism significantly influenced the region through cultural history and interaction with neighboring kingdoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Axum kingdom, also known as Aksum, became a center of learning and thought for two major religions, which are Christianity and Judaism. Christianity's spread to the Aksumite kingdom was greatly influenced by Frumentius, who converted King Ezana and was later appointed by the patriarch of Alexandria as a bishop for Ethiopia.
This laid the foundation for Christianity's advancement in the region, marked by Aksum King Ezana's replacement of polytheist imagery with a Christian cross on Aksumite coins and the influence of the Coptic Church in the region. Despite the presence of Jewish communities and other religions, it was Christianity, particularly Monophysite Christianity, that was firmly established in the Aksumite kingdom by the thirteenth century through the efforts of missionaries and the unique blending of local beliefs with Christian practices.
On the other hand, the Kingdom of Himyar, which interacted with Aksum, was known for its Jewish identity. Judaism also had a significant influence in the region, with Jewish communities being integral to the area's cultural history. However, it should be noted that while Aksum had interactions with both Christian and Jewish kingdoms, accounting for diverse religious practices, it is specifically Christianity and Judaism that were most prominent in influencing Aksumite culture and learning.