Answer:
An aqueous stagnant layer that overlies the apical membrane and the subepithelial blood flow are potential barriers to the absorption of drugs that readily penetrate the absorbing cell of the epithelium. The apical, basal, and basement membranes are potential barriers to the absorption of less permeable drugs
A major challenge in the drug delivery field is to enhance transport of therapeutics across biological barriers such as the blood brain barrier (BBB), the small intestine, nasal, skin and the mouth mucosa.
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