Final answer:
The excerpt suggests that Islam was well-established in the area, and the king of Ghana was both wealthy and powerful.
Step-by-step explanation:
Expansion of Islam:
This excerpt suggests that by this time, the expansion of Islam into the area was well-established. The mention of mosques, Islamic judges, and Muslim scholars indicate the presence of Islamic institutions in the region.
Wealth and Power of the King of Ghana:
The excerpt suggests that the king of Ghana was both wealthy and powerful. References to the king's extensive retinue, extravagant displays of wealth, and ability to levy taxes on trade all indicate the king's wealth and power.