Question

4. How does the sun affect the earth and the other planets in our solar
system?

Answer 1

The Sun affects the Earth by its gravity which keeps the Earth in its orbit, and as I discussed in the section under Moon-Tides, by raising tides in the rocky and watery components of the Earth. ... Venus and Mars come within 30 - 40 million miles of the Earth and ought to dominate the gravitational effects.

Answer 2

Here is how the sun can affect the earth,

The sun affects the earth by its gravity, which keeps earth in orbit, and by raising tides in the rocky and watery components of the earth. And on the obvious side, it keeps the earth from becoming cold at times.