Question

This is why Christchurch, New Zealand’s air temperature is cooler than usual during El Niño years:

Claim 1: The amount of incoming energy from the sun changes.

Claim 2: Earth’s surface (land or water) changes.

Claim 3: something the air changes.


Please tell me the answer this is due in an 1 hour

Answer 1

Claim 2: Earth’s surface (land or water) changes.

Step-by-step explanation:

The ENSO phenomenon produces due to a complex system of climatic oscillations between the ocean and the atmosphere. ENSO means El Niño South Oscillation. It is considered to be dominant in the global climate system. This phenomenon causes significant perturbations in the usual pluvial regimens in the tropics. It provokes dry seasons in areas where usually rain, and rainy seasons where is usually desertic.

Under normal conditions, warm water and air masses move westward, making it possible for cold water to ascend in a process known as upwelling. This upwelling occurs in South America´s coasts, providing nutrients from the bottom to the animals, especially fishes -which favors fisheries activities-. Humidity goes straight to the west precipitating in Indochina, North Australia, and New Zealand, among other places.

Under El Niño conditions, a tropical and weak stream acquires strength while the opposite streams debilitate. This change impedes warm water to go westward, remaining in South America´s coasts, which produces unusual precipitations in Chile´s coasts -followed by floral bloom in Atacama desert-, and fewer precipitations in Eastsouth Asia and North Australia. Upwelling does not occur on the South America coasts, so there is a fishery crisis because nutrients from the bottom do no ascend, and fish populations remain equal or even smaller. In areas such as Perú, during el Niño events, temperatures use to rise on the coast, and precipitation also increases. Other affected areas under the influence of the El Niño event are Eastsouth Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, among others. Rainfall and temperature drop below the average, affecting crops and livestock.

ENSO also provokes changes in general extratropical circulation contributing to some abnormal situations in the northern hemisphere weather during winter, including severe precipitations and cooler temperatures in the southeast USA, north of Mexico, Gulf of Mexico, Strait of Florida, and western Cuba.