Answer: 4. protests against the South African government's policy of apartheid
Step-by-step explanation:
Apartheid was a racial segregation that was institutionalised in South Africa. During apartheid, there were segregationist policies against the non-white people in South Africa.
The pass laws were used in segregating people. Later, the African National Congress demanded that the Pass Laws should be repealed.
Bishop Desmond Tutu was also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize due to the role he played in making sure that apartheid ended.
Nelson Mandela was released from prison after serving for 27 years. He was regarded as an anti apartheid leader which led to him being out in jail.