Final answer:
Taq polymerase from T. aquaticus is used in PCR because it can withstand and remain active through the high temperatures required in PCR cycles. Its effectiveness and durability allow for continuous DNA amplification without the need to add fresh enzyme after each cycle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Why is the Polymerase from T. aquaticus Used for PCR?
The polymerase from the species T. aquaticus, commonly referred to as Taq polymerase, is often used for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) because of its unique ability to withstand high temperatures. T. aquaticus is a thermophilic organism that thrives in hot environments, such as those found in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. During the PCR process, the mixture undergoes repeated heating cycles to separate the DNA strands, a step necessary for DNA synthesis. Taq polymerase is vital due to its thermotolerance and ability to remain active at temperatures that would typically denature other polymerases.
The enzyme is also compatible with high-temperature PCR steps due to its optimum activity temperature of 72°C and continued activity in a range from 22°C to 89°C. Its ability to remain functional through the many cycles of PCR without the need for replenishment after each cycle makes it a key component for efficient and effective amplification of DNA.
It was the discovery of Taq polymerase that made the automation of PCR possible, contributing to the broad application of this technique in molecular biology. Before the advent of this enzyme, the requirement to add fresh DNA polymerase after each cycle was a considerable limitation.