Question

Describe the relationships among amino acids, chromosomes, proteins, and genes in the cells of a jackalberry plant. Make sure to include how gene expression is related to protein synthesis.

Answer 1

The jackalberry plant is a multicellular organism whose cells contain chromosomes. The chromosomes contain genes that are transcribed to produce messenger RNAs, which are then translated into proteins

Step-by-step explanation:

The Jackalberry tree is a plant, i.e., a multicellular organism. Multicellular organisms have chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. A chromosome is a long DNA molecule that contains part (or even all) of the genetic information of a particular organism. Genes are specific segments of the chromosomes, which are expressed in a process called 'transcription' where a gene is used as template to synthesize an RNA molecule, usually a messenger RNA (mRNA). Subsequently, these mRNAs are used to synthesize proteins by a process called 'translation'. In an mRNA molecule, each specific triplet of nucleotides is known as a codon and corresponds with a specific amino acid during protein synthesis. Thus, the mRNA sequence dictates the correct order of amino acids (i.e., the building blocks of proteins) in the polypeptide chain.