Answer: $57,000,000
Step-by-step explanation:
The employees purchased at a 20% discount which means that this 20% discount is the amount that would have to be covered by the company's pretax earnings:
= 19,000,000 * 15 * 0.2
= $57,000,000
Martin's pretax earnings will be reduced by $57 million because the company would have to cover the discount on the shares.