Answer: c . The passage describes a federation. The central government has final authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
The United States is a federation which means that although there are various states and these states have control over their internal affairs, they are still under the final authority of the central government and the laws that it passes.
This is reinforced by the excerpt above from the U.S. Constitution that all Judges - custodians of the law - in every state are to be bound by the laws passed by and treaties gotten into, by the Central government as this is the Supreme Law of the Land.