Answer:
a sender purposely manipulates information so the receiver will see it more favorably
Step-by-step explanation:
Filtering is basically the process of manipulation of information by the receiver and increase when there is large hierarchy that too vertical in an organisation. The larger the verticals in an organisation, the higher is the opportunity to filter the information. Sometimes the sender himself filter the information.
Hence, the correct option is "a sender purposely manipulates information so the receiver will see it more favorably"