Answer:
- DNA is wrapped around nucleosomes and condensed into chromosomes.
- Proteins affect the traits and function of organisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nucleosomes are the basic unit of compaction of DNA. Each nucleosome is composed of ~148 bp double-stranded DNA and an octamer of histone proteins, which include two molecules of each core histone: H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Subsequently, nucleosomes are packaged into chromatin fibers so they can be densely compacted into chromosomes. On the other hand, proteins are molecules that play important (structural and enzymatic) functions in a cell. These proteins may affect the structure/function of a cell, thereby affecting a certain characteristic/trait to develop.