Question

The test: To understand if the ACTN3 protein affects running ability, researchers conducted a test. They recruited a group of competitive runners and measured the level of ACTN3 protein molecules each runner had in their bodies. Then, they had the runners participate in a sprint (a short-distance run). During the test, the runners sprinted as fast as they could for 100 meters.

Evidence: Scientists found that the runners who sprinted the fastest had the highest amount of ACTN3 protein molecules in their bodies.

Do you think that this evidence shows that the ACTN3 protein determines running ability? Explain your ideas using the words protein, trait, and feature in your response.

Answer 1

There may be a correlation between ACTN3 protein levels and sprinting ability, as ACTN3 is linked to fast-twitch muscle fibers, but running ability is multifactorial and influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Step-by-step explanation:

The evidence presented suggests that there may be a correlation between the ACTN3 protein and running ability, particularly in short-distance sprints. Proteins are vital to an individual's physiological traits, as they play critical roles in the structure and function of each cell and organ. The ACTN3 protein is found in fast-twitch muscle fibers, which are essential for explosive movements, such as sprinting. Therefore, a higher level of this protein could be a beneficial feature or trait for sprinters.

However, the determination of running ability is complex and likely influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors. The presence of a trait, like a high level of ACTN3, does not solely determine running ability. Other physiological processes, such as the ability to coordinate muscle groups and response to exercise, also play significant roles. A high level of ACTN3 might be associated with better running performance in sprinters, but it is not the sole factor that determines running ability.

Moreover, this study doesn't exclude the possibility that other unknown factors could contribute to the observed outcome. Further research is needed to establish a causal relationship between ACTN3 levels and running performance, and this should include consideration of potential confounding variables and a mechanism through which ACTN3 could influence muscle function during sprints.