Answer:
B. nucleotides
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetics can be defined as the scientific study of hereditary in living organisms such as humans, animals and plants.
A nucleotide can be defined as an organic molecule which forms the building block of nucleic acid such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an organic complex-molecular structure found in all living organisms. It comprises of genes and is essentially the foundation block of all living organisms such as humans, animals and plants.
Basically, nucleotide comprises of the following parts;
1. Nitrogenous base: this includes adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) which are mainly found in the DNA while adenine (A), guanine (G), uracil (U) and cytosine (C) are found in the RNA.
2. A phosphate group.
3. A penrose sugar: it is either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA.
The two parts or chemical components of a nucleotide which do not change throughout the structure of DNA are;
I. Five-Carbon Sugar also known as deoxyribose and it has hydrogen on its second carbon.
II. Phosphate: this is the structural backbone that provides support to DNA.
In conclusion, the proteins which are mainly synthesized based on the genetic instruction codes in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) determines the trait of living organisms. A sequence of biomolecules which are responsible for this coded genetic instructions in all living organisms is known as nucleotides.