Explanation:
solution given:
total pair of socks[S]=(7+3+8)=18
total pair of black socks[B]=7
total pair of brown socks [C]=3
total pair of white socks[W]=8
total no of orange marbles[O]=2
now
the P( not black) =?
we have
P( not black) =1-
![(n[B])/(n[S])](https://img.qammunity.org/2022/formulas/mathematics/high-school/4e9bg3qi7tsyysaslt1khya82yqaz9ehel.png)
P( not black) =1-

P( not black) =

P( not black) =

so 11/18 is a required probabilty.