Question

Please match the correct term to the following descriptions. The terms may be used more than once (10 pts each). A. Cohort Study B. Case-Control Study C. Cross-Sectional Study D. Ecological Study E. Clinical Trial F. Case Report

1. Researchers at Norfolk State University conduct a random digit dialing initiative to interview 1,000 Norfolk residents. They ask the participants if a healthcare provider had ever told them they have type II diabetes. They also ask about their dietary habits, smoking status, and engagement in physical activity.
2. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) wants to understand how the recent oil spill is affecting the rates of asthma in areas that surround the Gulf of Mexico. EPA epidemiologists compare the rates of asthma between 5 different cities from May of 2010 and July of 2010.
3. A group of pediatricians are interested in the relationship between sugary beverage consumption and childhood obesity. The pediatricians use the medical records from their practice to identify 100 children ages 5-11 who are classified as obese based on pediatric growth charts. They then identify 100 children ages 5-11 who are classified as normal weight based on pediatric growth charts. They then ask the childrenâs parents about how much soda and juice their children consume per week.
4. The Norfolk Department of Public Health (NDPH) conducts a city-wide data collection project to see how many people have been diagnosed with HIV between May 2016 and May 2017 to make comparisons to previous years. During the data collection, the NDPH identifies 200 individuals who are injection drug users and have not yet been diagnosed with HIV. They also identify 200 individuals who are not injection drug users and have not yet been diagnosed with HIV. The NDPH decides to follow these 400 individuals for 1 year to see who is diagnosed with HIV.
5. To complete an MPH practicum at Eastern Virginia Medical School, an Epidemiology student conducts a survey among ODU and NSU male students ages 18-24 to ask questions about asthma diagnoses and smoking status in 2018.
6. In 2014 a study of 18 participants investigated the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and traditional aerobic training for persons with stroke. Outcomes were measured before and after training by a blinded rater. Participants were selected into either the HIIT group or the traditional aerobic training group by chance.
7. Researchers at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in 2016 conducted a study to determine the change in core body temperature in the seated position from 79 degrees F for 30 minutes to 95 degrees F for up to 2 hours. Individuals were recruited based on a spinal cord injury (C4-T1 level) and individuals without a spinal cord injury, but of a similar age and gender. The hypothesis was that those with a spinal cord injury (tetraplegia) would have a greater increase in core body temperature than those without a spinal cord injury.
8. A 2017 study aims to examine the dynamic changes, correlated factors, and quality of life of cancer-related fatigue among colorectal cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy. The researchers recruit 60 colorectal cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy in November 2015 and follow the 60 participants through November 2017 to assess their quality of life through the "Brief Fatigue Inventory".
9. Patient JohnE reported on July 11, 2014 that he seized a marmot from a dog, while grazing sheep. He began to have a fever on July 13. On July 15, the patient was critical and on July 16 the patient was identified as dead. The patient was diagnosed as a suspected plague case after detecting the Yersinia pestis F1 antigen from sputum samples.
10. Researchers at the National Aquarium are looking to conduct a study among 10 different coastal cities in the Eastern United States to test if there is a relationship between ice cream sales and shark attacks. The researchers plan to use the average number of shark attacks per coastal city per month and the average ice cream sales in each coastal city per month.

Answer 1

Matching Correct Terms to Descriptions:

Description Correct Term

1. Cross-Sectional Study

2. Case Report

3. Case-Control Study

4. Case Report

5. Ecological Study

6. Case Report

7. Case-Control Study

8. Clinical Trial

9. Case Report

10. Cohort Study

Step-by-step explanation:

Terms:

A. Cohort Study: a study that compares the incidence of the outcome of interest between an exposed and an unexposed group.

B. Case-Control Study: a study that compares a group with a known outcome and another group without the outcome.

C. Cross-Sectional Study involves an evaluation of people from different age, ethnic, geographical, or social backgrounds.

D. Ecological Study: A study that can be used to measure the prevalence and incidence of a rare disease among the population.

E. Clinical Trial studies new tests and treatments in order to evaluate their effects on human health outcomes.

F. Case Report is a detailed study to identify new developments.