Metonymy is a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted with another with which it is closely associated. In option D, "The Lincoln Memorial stands for freedom," the Lincoln Memorial is used to represent the concept of freedom, making it a common use of metonymy.
Metonymy is a rhetorical device where one term is substituted with another term with which it shares a close association. In the context of the provided options:
D. "The Lincoln Memorial stands for freedom" is a clear example of metonymy. Here, the term "The Lincoln Memorial" is used to represent the broader concept of freedom. The Lincoln Memorial, as a physical structure in Washington, D.C., is closely associated with the historical figure Abraham Lincoln, who played a crucial role in the United States' history, particularly in relation to freedom and equality. By using the Lincoln Memorial as a symbol for freedom, this sentence employs metonymy to convey a complex idea in a concise and evocative manner.
In contrast, options A, B, and C do not involve metonymy. Option A uses a synecdoche, where "The White House" is used to refer to the President or the presidential administration. Option B is a simile, comparing the congressman's appearance to an eagle. Option C employs personification by suggesting that the president "navigated the storm," attributing human characteristics to the office of the president.