227k views
5 votes
When a new highway is formed, the smoothness of the surface must be verified. A contractor is making a bid for this job and has a truck with the relevant detector. This detector must meet minimum standards for detecting irregularities in the road surface. If there is a roadway irregularity, there is a probability of 0.99 the detector will detect it. If there is no irregularity, there is a 0.06 probability detector will identify it as irregular (a false positive). It is known through experience that 3 miles out of 100 miles actually contain irregularities.

a. What is the probability the detector will identify a random mile of roadway as irregular? Give your answer to four decimal places.
b. Given a randomly selected miles has been identified as irregular by the detector, what is the probability it actually is irregular? Give your answer to four decimal places.

User Spdaley
by
7.4k points

1 Answer

5 votes

Answer:

a) 0.0879 = 8.79% probability the detector will identify a random mile of roadway as irregular.

b) 0.3379 = 33.79% probability it actually is irregular

Explanation:

Conditional Probability

We use the conditional probability formula to solve this question. It is


P(B|A) = (P(A \cap B))/(P(A))

In which

P(B|A) is the probability of event B happening, given that A happened.


P(A \cap B) is the probability of both A and B happening.

P(A) is the probability of A happening.

a. What is the probability the detector will identify a random mile of roadway as irregular?

99% of 3%(it is irregular).

6% of 97%(false positive). So


p = 0.99*0.03 + 0.06*0.97 = 0.0879

0.0879 = 8.79% probability the detector will identify a random mile of roadway as irregular.

b. Given a randomly selected miles has been identified as irregular by the detector, what is the probability it actually is irregular? Give your answer to four decimal places.

Conditional probability:

Event A: Identified as irregular

Event B: It is irregular.

0.0879 = 8.79% probability the detector will identify a random mile of roadway as irregular, which means that
P(A) = 0.0879

99% of 3% arre irregulars identified as, which means that
P(A \cap B) = 0.03*0.99 = 0.0297

The desired probability is:


P(B|A) = (P(A \cap B))/(P(A)) = (0.0297)/(0.0879) = 0.3379

0.3379 = 33.79% probability it actually is irregular

User Mikyjpeg
by
7.0k points